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First
Aid Manual
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First Aid is
given to preserve life, prevent the condition from getting worse and to
promote recovery.
Dealing with a
casualty;-
Use D.R.A.B to make an initial assessment of the casualty.
Danger
Response
Airway
Breathing
Danger
It is important that you not put your own or others life in danger
when attending to an incident by controlling any hazards such as traffic,
fumes, etc.
Response
Assess the casualty for their level of consciousness. Give a load
clear instruction speaking into both ears of the casualty, such as
"Can you hear me?" If no response gently shake the casualties
shoulders.
If the casualty is responsive try to find out what is wrong and treat as
required.
Airway
If no response from the casualty the airway needs to be opened and
maintained. We do this by first checking the mouth for any obstructions
and removing as necessary. Place a hand on the casualties forehead and
fingers of the other hand under the chin. Gently tilt the had back lifting
the chin at the same time.
Breathing
Now the airway has been maintained we check to see if the casualty is
breathing. Place your cheek close to the casualties mouth and look for
movement in the casualties chest, listen for breathing and feel for
breaths on your cheek. Do this for 10 seconds. If you are not sure the
casualty is breathing, treat as if they are not.
Contact Emergency Services
-
Arrange for
an ambulance to be called (999 or 112). This is best done by someone
else but be prepared to make the call yourself if on your own.
-
Inform them
that you have a breathing - not breathing patient.
-
If someone
else phones, make sure they return so you know that an ambulance has
been called.
Breathing
Casualty
Carry out a secondary survey checking for signs of injury before
placing the casualty in the recovery position. Monitor the airway and
breathing through out. Keep the casualty warm and comfortable.
Non Breathing Casualty
Start Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), 30 chest compressions at a
rate of 100 compressions per minute to 2 rescue breathes. Continue until
the patient starts breathing, the emergency services arrive or you become
exhausted and unable to continue.
Further Information
Use the A.V.P.U scale to determine the level of consciousness.
Alert
Voice
Pain
Unresponsive
Alert
Is the casualty alert and responsive? I.e. eyes open and able to
communicate.
Voice
The casualty may not be fully alert but communicate by only answering
or trying to answer simple questions or commands.
Pain
The casualty is able to respond to painful stimuli by opening their
eyes, making a sound or movement.
Unresponsive
The casualty is unresponsive to voice and pain stimuli and
UNCONSCIOUS.
Reasons for
UNCONSCIOUSNESS (FISH SHAPED)
-
Fainting
-
Imbalance
of heat
-
Shock
-
Head
Injury
-
Stoke
-
Heart
Attack
-
Asphyxia
-
Poisoning
-
Epilepsy
-
Diabetes
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First Aid Manual
